What is Epilepsy?
a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent
episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or
convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in
the brain.
What causes epilepsy?
Causes of epilepsy vary by age of the person. Some people
with no clear cause of epilepsy may have a genetic cause.
But what’s true for every age is that the cause is unknown
for about half of everyone with epilepsy.
Some people with no known cause of epilepsy may have a
genetic form of epilepsy. One or more genes may cause the
epilepsy or epilepsy may be caused by the way some genes
work in the brain. The relationship between genes and
seizures can be very complex and genetic testing is not
available yet for many forms of epilepsy.
About 3 out of 10 people have a change in the structure of
their brains that causes the electrical storms of seizures.
Some young children may be born with a structural change
in an area of the brain that gives rise to seizures.
About 3 out of 10 children with autism spectrum disorder
may also have seizures. The exact cause and relationship is
still not clear.
Infections of the brain are also common causes of epilepsy.
The initial infections are treated with medication, but the
infection can leave scarring on the brain that causes
seizures at a later time.
People of all ages can have head injuries, though severe
head injuries happen most often in young adults.
In middle age, strokes, tumors, and injuries are more
frequent.
In people over 65, stroke is the most common cause of new-onset seizures. Other conditions such as Alzheimer’s
disease or other conditions that affect brain function can
also cause seizures.
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